Black Holes Are the Biggest Knots in the Universe
In standard General Relativity, a black hole ends in a point of infinite density — a singularity where physics breaks down.
In LIMA-QTE, singularities are impossible.
The vacuum has a maximum field strength set by the saturation term:
\( F^2 \leq \displaystyle\frac{1}{\lambda_2} \)
When a collapsing star (or any huge concentration of knots) reaches roughly its Schwarzschild radius, the electromagnetic field lines are forced into an ultra-compact, ultra-high-winding ball about the Planck size (~10⁻³⁵ m). This is not a point — it is a seething, quasi-stable tangle of Planck-density light tubes that can no longer radiate outward because the vacuum’s refractive index becomes effectively infinite at the core.
From the outside: it looks exactly like a normal black hole
→ Same event horizon, same gravitational lensing, same shadow (EHT images), same orbital mechanics, same Hawking radiation temperature.
From the inside: there is no singularity
→ Instead of infinite curvature, there is a real, physical, Planck-sized ball of maximally knotted light sitting at the centre.
No breakdown of physics. No information paradox. The interior is a perfectly well-defined (though extremely chaotic) configuration of electromagnetic field lines.
Key consequences:
- No \( r=0 \) singularity — vacuum saturation cuts it off
- Evaporation proceeds by slow un-knotting / leakage until the entire object dissolves into photons and possibly a few stable Planck-scale remnants
- Tiny deviations in ring-down gravitational waves (core oscillates slightly differently than a pure GR horizon)
- Slightly modified Hawking spectrum (highest frequencies suppressed)
- Possible extremely faint electromagnetic echoes during mergers
In one sentence: